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The Vine and Olive Colony was an effort by a group of French Bonapartists who, fearing for their lives after the fall of Napoleon Bonaparte and the Bourbon Restoration, attempted to establish an agricultural settlement growing wine grapes and olive trees in the Alabama wilderness. The area that they settled later became the counties of Marengo and Hale.〔Smith, Winston. ''Days of Exile: The Story of the Vine and Olive Colony in Alabama'', page 9. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: W. B. Drake and Son, 1967.〕 ==Founding== The Vine and Olive Colony was an effort started by the ''French Emigrant Association'', made up of high-ranking officials and followers of Napoleon fearing for their lives after the restoration of Louis XVIII to the French throne. In the fall of 1816 the group, headed by the former General Charles Lallemand, decided to petition Washington, D.C. for four townships upon which they could settle.〔Smith, Winston. ''Days of Exile: The Story of the Vine and Olive Colony in Alabama'', pages 26-28. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: W. B. Drake and Son, 1967.〕 They began scouting the western frontiers of the Southern United States for an appropriate place upon which to establish their endeavor, with a location at the confluence of the Black Warrior and Tombigbee Rivers being chosen after being recommended by other western pioneers.〔 The United States Congress agreed to allow them to settle and on 3 March 1817 approved an act that granted them four contiguous townships totaling of land for the price of $2 per acre on the condition that they cultivate grapes and olives.〔 This condition was because several other Bonapartist colonies in the world were thought to be little more than military operations with the intention of returning Napoleon to power.〔 After their journey across the Atlantic, they first arrived in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where the largest group of settlers chartered a schooner, the ''McDonough'', to sail them from Philadelphia to Mobile, Alabama.〔Smith, Winston. ''Days of Exile: The Story of the Vine and Olive Colony in Alabama'', pages 31-43. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: W. B. Drake and Son, 1967.〕 They arrived in Mobile by 26 May 1817 and began the ascent up the rivers, arriving at their destination of Ecor Blanc, literally meaning White Bluff or White Cliff, on the Tombigbee River by 14 July 1817.〔 Most prominent and wealthiest among the immigrants was Count Charles Lefebvre Desnouettes, who had been a cavalry officer with the rank of Lieutenant-General under Napoleon. He was to serve as the leader of the colony. Other prominent settlers included Lieutenant-General Baron Henri-Dominique Lallemand, brother of Charles, Count Bertrand Clausel, Joseph Lakanal, Simon Chaudron, Benoît Chassériau, Pasqual Luciani, Colonel Jean-Jerome Cluis, Jean-Marie Chapron, Colonel Nicholas Raoul, and Frederic Ravesies.〔Smith, Winston. ''Days of Exile: The Story of the Vine and Olive Colony in Alabama'', pages 96-115. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: W. B. Drake and Son, 1967.〕 The colonists, comprising about 200 people, soon established the town of Demopolis, or "City of the People", on top of White Bluff, but following a survey in August 1818, they learned that their actual land grants began less than a mile to the east of their newly cleared land. After abandoning the settlement of Demopolis, they soon established two other towns, Aigleville and Arcola.〔Smith, Winston. ''Days of Exile: The Story of the Vine and Olive Colony in Alabama'', pages 47-53. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: W. B. Drake and Son, 1967.〕 Aigleville was named in honor of Napoleon's ensign, featuring an eagle.〔 Arcola was named for the Battle of the Bridge of Arcole, site of a Napoleonic victory in 1796. Arcola became the largest town in the colony.〔Smith, Winston. ''Days of Exile: The Story of the Vine and Olive Colony in Alabama'', page 76. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: W. B. Drake and Son, 1967.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Vine and Olive Colony」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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